Family Pic 2025

Family Pic 2025
Tucker, Scot, Lisa, Tim & Stella

Friday, August 22, 2025

My "New Large Print" NIV Application Bible...

Yes folks I am at the age where I need a large print bible.  Regular print bibles are just too little for me to read out of anymore.  You might be thinking that's what digital bibles are for.  Not for me because I like having a real bible in my hands to read and study out of.  I like to highlight and make notes in my bibles as well.  And yes, I know that you can do that on digital too but it's just not the same as with a real one.  So here's what my new bible looks like:


Matthew 6:33 (ESV)...



Footnotes from NIV Application Bible:

(v.34) The use of the imperative "seek" does not mean to look for something not present.  Jesus has already announced the arrival of the kingdom.  In this context, it means that his disciples are to make the kingdom of heaven the center of their priorities.  

(v.19-34) If we put Jesus at the center of our lives, we will avoid the modern idolatry of worry.  We probably do not think of worry as a form of idolatry, but it is when we allow it to take our eyes off Jesus.  We substitute despair, hopelessness, or fear in place of God and turn to our own efforts at trying to control our environment.  This can be a harsh world, and worry can consume us.  A way of reversing the trend toward anxiety is to look around at what we have and what God has done and then say, "Thank you."  He is our Master and Provider, the One who has given us kingdom life, kingdom priorities, and kingdom values, by which we can truly say, "Thank you."

Thursday, August 21, 2025

1 Thessalonians 5:16-18 (ESV)...



Footnotes from NIV Life Application Bible:

(v16-18) Our joy, prayers, and thankfulness should not fluctuate with our circumstances or feelings.  Obeying these three commands - be joyful, pray continually, and give thanks - often goes against our natural inclinations.  When we make a conscious decision to do what God says, however, we will begin to see people in a new perspective. When we do God's will, we will find it easier to be joyful and thankful.

(v17) We cannot spend all our time on our knees, but it is possible to have a prayerful attitude at all times.  This attitude is built upon acknowledging our dependence on God, realizing His presence within us, and determining to obey Him fully.  Then we will find it natural to pray frequent, spontaneous, short prayers.  A prayerful attitude is not a substitute for regular times of prayer but should be an outgrowth of those times.

(v18) Paul was not teaching that we should thank God for everything that happens to us, but in everything.  Evil does not come from God, so we should not thank Him for it.  But when evil strikes, we can still be thankful for God's presence and for the good that He will accomplish through the distress.

Wednesday, August 20, 2025

My Greatest Blessing...


Telling our kids often that we love them is so important to their self esteem.  It's important that we build them up as often as we can and that they never have to wonder if we love them because they already know.  

Tim knows because we tell him all the time how much we love him.  He also knows how proud we are of the man that he's becoming because we tell him all the time.  He never has to wonder how we feel about him because he knows.  

Tim knows he is wanted.  He knows he is loved.  He knows that he will always be wanted and loved.  He is God's greatest blessing to his father and myself.  I'm thankful everyday that God allowed me to be his mother and that we have raised him the way that we have raised him.  He is becoming an amazing young man, at 17 (a senior in High School), who knows who he is and whose he is as well.  I know that God has great plans for him and his dad and I can't wait to watch how those plans play out in his life.  

Psalm 119:105 (ESV)...


Footnote from NIV Life Application Bible:

To walk safely in the woods at night we need a light so we don't trip over tree roots or fall into holes.  In this life, we walk through a dark forest of evil.  But the Bible can be our light to show us the way ahead so we won't stumble as we walk.  It reveals the entangling roots of false values and philosophies.  Study the Bible so you will be able to see your way clear enough to stay on the right path.  

A Jesus Shaped Life...


Started this bible study Monday and I'm loving it already.  I'm looking forward to diving into the subject of sound biblical theology and how it deepens my relationship with God and others.  

Already I've learned:

(Definitions derived from Greek Words)

  • Theology = theologia = a belief system and world view based on the promises and parameters found in God's Word.  
    • Theos = God; Logos = Words/conversation.
  • Hermeneutic = the lens through which we see and understand.
  • Orthodoxy = Orthos = right; Doxa = belief
    • Ask yourself, is what I claim about God in line with Scripture and the core beliefs of the Christian faith?
  • Orthopraxy = Orthos = right; Praxis = practice
    • Ask yourself, does what I claim compel me toward right ways of living?
  • Orthopathy = Orthos = right; Pathos = feeling
    • Ask yourself, is my heart and emotion attuned to God in light of my theology?

This study has already got my blood pumping and excited for learning more.  I can't wait to do day 2's solo work/homework today.  I'm looking forward to sharing more with you as I do this bible study.  

Tuesday, August 19, 2025

Happy 53rd Birthday to My BF from HS...


Today is my BF, Joanne's, 53rd Birthday.  She's the only friend from my HS days that I have stayed in touch with.  Time can pass but when we are together it's like no time has passed at all.  She is one of the only ones that really knows me worts and all.  I only have a few friends that I can say that about.  I'm praying that she has her best birthday to date today.  

1 Peter 5:8 (ESV)...


Footnote from NIV Life Application Bible (v.8&9):

Lions attack sick, young, or straggling animals; they choose victims who are alone or not alert.  Peter warns us to watch out for Satan when we are suffering or being persecuted.  Feeling alone, weak, helpless, and cut off from other believers, so focused on our troubles, that we forget to watch for danger, we are especially vulnerable to Satan's attack.  During those times of suffering, seek other Christians for support.  Keep your eyes on Christ, and resist the devil.  Then, says James, "he will flee from you" (James 4:7).

Monday, August 18, 2025

Psalm 84:5 (ESV)...



Footnote from NIV Life Application Bible (v.5-7)

The pilgrimage to the temple passed through the barren Valley of Baca.  No specific valley has been identified with Baca.  Because Baca can mean "weeping," it may have been a symbolic reference to the times of struggles and tears through which people must pass on their way to meet God.  Growing strong in God's presence is often preceded by a journey through barren places to our lives.  The person who loves to spend time with God will see his or her adversity as an opportunity to re-experience God's faithfulness.  If you are walking through your own Valley of Baca today, be sure your pilgrimage leads toward God, not away from Him.  

Sunday, August 17, 2025

Hebrews 12:1 (ESV)...




Footnote from NIV Life Application Bible:

This "great cloud of witnesses" is composed of the people described in Chapter 11.  Their faithfulness is constant encouragement to us.  We don not struggle alone, and we are not the first to struggle with the problems we face.  Others have run the race and won, and their witness stirs us to run and win also.  What an inspiring heritage we have!

(v.1-4):

The Christian life involves hard work.  It requires us to give up whatever endangers our relationship with God, to run patiently, and to struggle against sin with the power of the Holy Spirit.  To live effectively, we must keep our eyes on Jesus.  We will stumble if we look away from Him to stare at ourselves or at the circumstances surrounding us.  We should be running for Christ, not ourselves, and we must always keep Him in sight.

Happy Birthday Stella!!!

from Me

from Tim

from Scot

Stella’s 1 year old today. We found her in a shopping center parking lot all alone. She was too tiny for us to keep so we gave her to a cat rescue to help get her nourished to health, all her shots and spayed so we could adopt her back and bring her home for Tim as his Christmas present. She loves Tim to pieces and the feeling is mutual. She spends her mornings with me in the home office bird watching while I work. She’ll chill on the couch with Scot in the evenings but all other times she is with Tim.

Saturday, August 16, 2025

Happy Birthday In Heaven Popsie...


There's not a day that goes by where we don't think about and miss you.  We were incredibly blessed to have all the years that we had with you and we will cherish those memories of you always.  While family gatherings just aren't the same anymore with you not here we know you are loving being with Jesus and Nan and all of your loved ones that have gone on before you.  Party hard with them all today and give them all hugs from us.  We love you & wish you the Happiest of Birthdays in Heaven Popsie!  

#gonebutnotforgotten #cherishingthememories #familyiseverything 

Friday, August 15, 2025

What a Resemblance....


Everyone always talks about how much Tim looks like Scot because when you see the old pics of Scot it looks like he just spit Tim out as a duplicate of himself...LOL! When you look at this picture you can't deny that he also looks a lot like me as well...LOL! Tim really got a great mix of Scot and I.  Now I can say, "he's definitely mine...LOL!"  

Success...


Truth!!!

Then & Now...


1st Pic was taken the year I graduated High School!

Luke 1:49 (ESV)...

Thursday, August 14, 2025

The Best Coaches...


Tim has been blessed to have a coach like this in the sport that he is doing now.  His coaches resolve to help his team be the best they can possibly be in such a positive way has been huge for Tim.  He's had such negative coaches throughout the years and it has been a breath of fresh air to have a coach that really is in his corner and is all about what is best for Tim.  He's not ego/pride driven and that has been such a huge thing for Tim.  

Coaches that are consumed with their own ego's, that make decisions about their students/team based on their own pride, are not coaches that you want for your kids or even yourself.  They will break you down and tear you apart just because of their own ego/pride.  You might ask, How do you know?  Because we have lived it with coaches in the other sport that Tim used to do.  

The Bible tells us that PRIDE GOES BEFORE A FALL!  Believe me when I tell you that it might take some time but that fall will happen if you are with a coach that is full of ego and is prideful.  It's unfortunate that the coaches aren't the ones taking the falls but their students/team are the ones that take the falls for their ego/pride.  There's no consistency of winning with a coach of that nature.  They talk a good game but, in the end, being with coaches like that will result in loss over loss for the competitor/student/team.  It results in a mental breakdown of the student/team overall.  The biggest way, that I have seen, of how to know if a coach is falling because of their ego and pride will be by looking at how their students/team are doing overall.  If only a few are winning, and they aren't consistent wins, then the win/loss ratio tells that coaches story.  If there is no positive reinforcement and all you hear is negative coming out of the coaches/team/students mouth that tells the coaches story too.  A competitor/team regurgitates what has been put into them by their coach.  If you go into a sport with your eyes wide open and know what to look for you will know pretty quickly if you should stay or move on before you get too invested into the coach/team your kid or yourself are a part of.  The signs were all there for us and we stayed longer than we ever should have in Tim's old sport. 

Now, Tim's the strongest mentally that he's ever been because of his weightlifting coach.  His coach focus's on the positives and not the negatives.  He doesn't dwell on things but presses on.  He's more about the long game and not the short game.  He's doesn't tear his team apart if they go to a Meet and don't bring home medals.  He focus's on how to help them make forward progress so that they can earn a medal at a Meet in the future.  He doesn't dog them about what they've done wrong but praises them for what they're doing right and corrects them with positive reinforcement where needed.  He's great about pulling Tim out of his comfort zone because he sees the version of Tim that Tim can't see yet. 

THAT,
MY FRIENDS,
IS A GREAT COACH!!!

Acts 20:35 (ESV)...


Footnote taken from NIV Life Application Bible:

These words of Jesus are not recorded in the Gospels.  Obviously, not all of Jesus' words were written down (John 21:25 - "Now there are also many other things that Jesus did.  Were everyone of them to be written, I suppose that the world itself could not contain the books that would be written.").  This saying may have been passed on orally through the apostles.

Wednesday, August 13, 2025

Nahum 1:7 (NLT)...


The relationship we have with God is up to us.  To those who love Him, His mercy is a refuge, supplying all their needs without diminishing His supply.  To those who refuse to believe or trust in Him, God's punishment is like an angry fire.  What kind of relationship will you choose?

Yesterday's Dental Appt for Tim...



Tim had his 6 month checkup yesterday.  He is doing a fantastic job with his brushing.  The hygienist was thrilled that he's doing so great.  she was like most kids his age don't do as well as he's doing.  I told her that I hound him about making sure he's brushing his teeth properly...LOL!  He did, however, have a small developmental cavity.  What that means is that Tim had a grooved area in one of his back teeth that food could easily get trapped in which caused a soft spot which caused a cavity.  His dentist assured me it was nothing he did wrong because he's doing great on his care of his teeth.  What was even better was that he could take care of it right then without our having to return for another appointment.  It was Tim's first Tim having to have any work done and the dentist didn't think about explaining the whole process to him before he did it😳.  After getting over the shock of not having it all explained Tim was like that wasn't all that bad but I just wish he'd told me what was happening instead of just doing it...LOL!   He mad it 17 1/2 years with no cavities🙌🙌🙌!!!  

That's way better than most on my side of the family have done.  It's definitely better than I did.  I was really young when I had my first cavities.  Back then because they were baby teeth they'd pull them and put in spacers until the adult tooth grew in.  My parents didn't push us like I've pushed Tim to brush his teeth.  we are doing things right with him so that he won't have the teeth problems that I've had all of my life.  If my parents had done better with us kids my teeth would be in an all together better place than they've been.  But my parents were dirt poor and they could scarcely put food on the table at times much less buy tooth brushes and toothpaste for all us kids to brush our teeth.  Dental visits were free because we were getting government assistance.  And Government assistance didn't give you free tooth brushes or tooth paste.  just food stamps, free cheese, Peanut butter & powdered milk.  That's just how it was with poor folks back when I was growing up. 

I'm so thankful that Tim's not ever had to have those experiences and that we've been able to help him take great care of his teeth all these years.  He will have much better teeth in his adult years than I have had.  I'm ever so thankful that we've not had to raise him how I was raised.  I'm thankful that we have had the funds to take proper care of Tim's teeth.  Thank you Lord for your many blessings to us!  

Tuesday, August 12, 2025

Matthew 5:16 (NLT)...


"Light Shines Because It Is Its Nature To Shine!"  
~Jesse Duplantis 

" A Changed Life Must Become In Turn A Life Changer!"
~Jesse Duplantis

"Light Is Spread From Person To Person In Order To Kindle The Gospel!" ~Jesse Duplantis


Footnote From the NIV Version of the Life Application Bible(v.14-16):

Can you hide a city that is sitting on top of a hill?  It's light at night can be seen for miles.  If we live for Christ we will glow like lights, showing others what Christ is like.  We hide our light by 1) being quiet when we should speak, 2) going along with the crowd, 3)denying the light, 4) letting sin dim our light, 5) not explaining our light to others, or 6) ignoring the needs of others.  


Be  A  Beacon  of  Truth  -  Don't  Shut  Your  Light  Off  From  The  Rest  of  The  World!

Monday, August 11, 2025

Tim's 2024-2025 Yearbook from LCHA (Lighthouse Christian Homeschool Association) Is Here...

Tim received his yearbook today and he was thrilled with it.  It is one of the best yearbooks that Lighthouse has put out to date.




Point of Life Quote...


Isaiah 60:1 (NLT)...


As we read these promises, we long for their fulfillment.  But we must patiently wait for God's timing.  He is in control of history, and He weaves together all our lives into His plan.  

Sunday, August 10, 2025

Luke 12:40 (NLT)...


Footnotes from NIV Life Application Bible:

Christ's return at an unexpected time is not a trap, a trick by which God hopes to catch us off guard.  In fact, God is delaying His return so more people will have the opportunity to follow Him.  Before Christ's return, we have time to live out our beliefs and to reflect Jesus' love as we relate to others.

People who are ready for their Lord's return are 1) not hypocritical, but sincere (12:1), 2) not fearful, but ready to witness (12:4-9), 3) not worried, but trusting (12:25,26), 4) not greedy, but generous (12:34), 5) not lazy, but diligent (12:37).  May your life be more like Christ's so that when He comes, you will be ready to greet Him joyfully.    

Friday, August 8, 2025

Matthew 16:24 (NLT)...

 


Footnotes from NIV Life Application Bible:

(16:24)When Jesus used this picture of his followers taking up their crosses to follow Him, the disciples knew what He meant.  Crucifixion was a common Roman method of execution, and condemned criminals had to carry their crosses thought the streets to the execution site.  Following Jesus, therefore, meant a true commitment, the risk of death, and no turning back.  

Matthew 10:39 (NIV) says, "Whoever finds his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life for My sake will find it."  

(10:39)This verse is a positive and negative statement of the same truth; clinging to this life may cause us to forfeit the best from Christ in this world and in the next.  The more we love this life's rewards (leisure, power, popularity, financial security), the more we will discover how empty they really are.  The best way to enjoy life, therefore, is to loosen our greedy grasp on earthly rewards so that we can be free to follow Christ.  In doing so, we will inherit eternal life and begin at once to experience the benefits of following Christ.  

2 Year Anniversary @ Athletic Lab Weightlifting Club...

This is Athletic Labs Motto!

2 years ago today Tim began his Elite Olympic Weightlifting journey @ Athletic Lab Weightlifting Club.  He hasn't looked back at the TKD sparring world that he left behind except to see how his old teammates are doing in their competitions.  Everything has been full steam ahead from day 1 of changing sports.  He's the happiest we've seen ever him and that warms mine and his dads heart to no end.  He has such an amazing relationship with his coach, Jarrod Nobbe, too.  It's the best coach relationship he's ever had.  

To this date since making the change to Olympic Weightlifting he's gotten 2 Youth Gold medals/1 Junior Gold medal/1 Open Gold Medal/1 Best Youth Male Athlete Plaque @ States (WSO Carolina's Championships),  2 Youth Gold medals @ Athletic Lab's local Meets, 1 Junior Gold Medal at Barbells-N-Sprinkles local Meet, 3 Youth Silver medals @ The Arnold/VWS1 meet.  His Meet PR's to date are 90kg/198# in Snatch and 117kg/257# in Clean & Jerk.  His has had a great two years in the sport so far and he's still loving it.  


Now we are working on time management (making sure he's getting enough recovery time) and diet (eating the right things - lots of protein - is key to his future in this sport) so that he can be at his optimum level going forward because he moves to Juniors January 1, 2026.  

It's so wonderful that he gets to eat now but eating the right things is what he needs to be doing (he's been making up for lost time when he couldn't be a kid eating what he wanted to eat...LOL!!). Being able to eat and make gains has been huge for Tim.  He's gained so much muscle mass in the two years he's been in this sport that he doesn't even look like the same kid that was doing TKD sparring.  That's mostly because he's not having to cut weight all the time now and be so skinny just to be able to compete with competitors that are closer to his size in height.  

What a huge difference two years makes when you make a switch that makes better sense for your kid and makes them happier than they've ever been😱😊😱😊.  Of course it was totally Tim's decision to move on when we did and he was very ready for the change.  

As parents (hindsight is 20/20), we see our failure in keeping him in a sport (TKD sparring) longer than he should have been.  It's a tall persons sport and Tim at 17 is only 5'4" and to be competitive in that particular sport he would have had to stay in the 51kg weight division for like forever (which in the long run he wouldn't have been able to do) and that just wasn't what was best for his health so cutting the sport loose and moving on was the right call.  I just wish we had done it way earlier.  He was ready for a change a long time prior to us actually doing it.    

Now though, we are all so happy that we made the switch to Olympic Weightlifting when we did because he's been 5'4" for two years now.  He's in the 65kg weight division in this sport and as he gains more muscle mass doing Olympic Weightlifting he will continue to move up weight divisions.  It's just how this sport works.  It's a wonderful sport and everyone is so supportive of one another + they genuinely want to see one another doing their best.  At the end of the day they all understand and get that as a collective group we want our best athletes representing America on the International stage because we want to bring home wins for our country.  I can't say enough about how great this sport is and seeing Tim this happy is just so freaking awesome!  He's right where he wants to be and that makes all the difference in the world.  

Commitment in sports can sometimes,

Take you where you don't want to go,

Keep you longer than you want to stay,

Cost you more than you want to pay! 

(Be sure that it's a sport that #1 - you love and #2 - that you have the capability/body type for rising to the level you want to be a success at.  Being the right fit for what you are wanting to do/accomplish matters.) 

HAPPY 2 YEARS TIM!!!

Thursday, August 7, 2025

"New" Barbell...

Tim has a new barbell because the one we bought almost 2 years ago started rusting.  We contacted Rogue about the quality issue we were having and they were so quick with their response to send out a replacement that I didn't have a chance to ask them could we upgrade it.  I got in contact with them quickly and they called back what they had set up to send out and allowed us to pay the difference and upgrade the bar.  We just wanted to be certain that the issue we had with the old bar wouldn't happened with the new bar so we paid the higher price for an all stainless Steel bar.  Tim is loving it too.  Rogues customer service was, bar none, the best customer service that I have ever experienced!  They were amazingly Patient with me through the whole process and so incredibly helpful as well.  

Romans 5:8 (NLT)...


Footnote From NIV Life Application Bible:

While we were still sinners - these are amazing words.  God sent Jesus Christ to die for us, not because we were good enough, but because he loved us.  Whenever you feel uncertain about god's love for you, remember that he loved you even before you turned to him.  if god loved you when you were a rebel, he can surely strengthen you, now that you love him in return.

Wednesday, August 6, 2025

Tim's Physical Results...

As more time goes by and the memories of what was fades into what is now I am more thankful than ever that Tim switched sports when he did.  it was the absolute best change for Tim.  The results from his physical this past Friday prove that.  just check out the comparisons from last year and this year below.  What you will see is that he's not gained in height but he's gained in mass because of how much muscle he's been gaining in weightlifting.  He would have never been able to fight and win and the level he needed to with the giants in the land.  his competitors would tower over him.  we are so so glad that Tim changed sports.  best change ever!!!


Stay Close...

This quote I'm about to share with you is one that we encourage our son to do all the time because it's what his dad and I already do.


When you make this your life practice you will have people close to you that really matter & they will forever be in your life.  

Walt Whitman...

John 3:17 (NLT)...



Tuesday, August 5, 2025

Senior Year Schedule...

Tim is doing some 11th grade and all of his 12th grade subjects this school year.  He has been given a schedule that he will have to keep for this school year in order to graduate on time in May 2026.  



Other than Church on Sunday mornings and going to bed by 10pm his Sunday's will be a free day for him.

Galatians 6:9 (NLT)....


Footnote from NIV Life Application Bible:

It is discouraging to continue to do right and receive no word of thanks or see no tangible results.  But Paul challenged the Galatians and he challenges us to keep on doing good and to trust God for the results.  In due time, we will reap a harvest of blessing.

Monday, August 4, 2025

Matthew 4:4 (NLT)...


Footnote from NIV Life Application Bible (v.3-4):

Jesus was hungry and weak after fasting for 40 days, but he chose not to use his divine power to satisfy his natural desire for food.  food, hunger, and eating are good, but the timing was wrong.  Jesus was in the desert to fast, not to eat.  And because Jesus had given up the unlimited, independent use of his divine power in order to experience humanity fully, he wouldn't use his power to change the stones to bread.  we also may be tempted to satisfy a perfectly normal desire in a wrong way or at the wrong time.  If we indulge for example in sex before marriage or if we steal to get food, we are trying to satisfy God-given desires in wrong ways.  Remember, Many of your desires are normal and good, but god want you to satisfy them in the right way and at the right time.  

Jesus was able to resist all of the devil's temptations because he not only knew scripture, but he also obeyed it.  

knowing bible verses is an important step in helping us resist the devil's attacks, but we must also obey the Bible!

note that satan had memorized scripture, but he failed to obey it.  Knowing and obeying the Bible helps us follow God's desires rather than the devil's.  

Friday, August 1, 2025

Joshua 1:8 (NLT)...


Footnote From NIV Life Application Bible (v.6-8):

Many people think that prosperity and success come from having power, influential personal contacts, and a relentless desire to get ahead.  But the strategy for gaining prosperity that God taught Joshua goes against such criteria.  He said that to succeed Joshua must 1) be strong and courageous because the task ahead would not be easy, 2) obey God's law, and 3) constantly read and study the Book of the Law - God's Word.  To be successful, follow God's words to Joshua.  You may not succeed by the world's standards, but you will be a success in God's eyes - and His opinion lasts forever.  

Joshua is one of my absolute favorites to read about in the Bible.  He was Moses's assistant and successor.  He was one of only two adults who experienced Egyptian slavery and lived to enter the Promised Land.  He led the Israelites into their God-given homeland.  He was a brilliant military strategist.  He was faithful to ask God's direction in the challenges that he faced.   We learn from his life that effective leadership is often the product of good preparation and encouragement.  That the people we pattern ourselves after will have a definite effect on us.  That a person committed to God provides the best role model for us.  

Something we should ask ourselves is Who is our Joshua?  We are part of the chain of God's ongoing work in the world.  We are modeling ourselves after others, and others are patterning their lives after us.  How important is God to those we want to be like?  Do those who are watching us see God reflected in every area of our lives?  We can and should ask God to lead us to trustworthy Joshua's so that we can become more like them as we strive to walk lives worthy of God.  

WHO INFLUENCES OUR LIVES MATTERS!!!

4 Years Ago Today...

Aug. 1st 4 years ago was release day from the hospital for Tim after which he had had a really close call from a super huge loss of salt in his body. His numbers were so low that he spent close to 30 hours in an extremely altered state in PICU. Life threatening events definitely bring things into perspective in a big way. As a family we all know how much we mean to one another. #godplusfamilyiseverything is our Motto. We know what is important and we value every single moment that we are given.